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Elsa Maxwell (May 24, 1883 – November 1, 1963) was an American gossip columnist and author, songwriter, and professional hostess renowned for her parties for royalty and high society figures of her day. Maxwell is credited with the introduction of the scavenger hunt and treasure hunt for use as party games in the modern era.〔(Time Magazine, ''The Press: Elsa at War''. Nov. 7, 1944. )〕 Her radio program, Elsa Maxwell’s Party Line, began in 1942; she also wrote a syndicated gossip column. She appeared as herself in the films ''Stage Door Canteen'' (1943) and ''Rhapsody in Blue'' (1945), as well as co-starring in the film ''Hotel for Women'' (1939), for which she wrote the screenplay and a song. ==Biography== In spite of the persistent rumor that Elsa Maxwell was born at a theater in Keokuk, Iowa, during a performance of the opera ''Mignon'', she actually admitted late in life that the outlandish story was a fabrication that she went along with, since she was actually born at her maternal grandmother's home in the same town. Elsa was subsequently raised in San Francisco, where her father sold insurance and did freelance writing for the ''New York Dramatic Mirror''. Maxwell never completed grammar school because her father did not believe in formal education; as a result, he tutored his daughter at home. Her interest in parties began when she was 12 years old and was told she would not be invited to a party because her family was poor.〔 〕 She developed a gift for staging games and diversions at parties for the rich, and began making a living devising treasure-hunt parties, come-as-your-opposite parties and other sorts, including a scavenger hunt in Paris in 1927 that inadvertently created disturbances all over the city.〔 In Venice in the early 1920s, Maxwell attracted stars like Cole Porter, Tallulah Bankhead, Noël Coward and Fanny Brice to Venice's Lido shoreline to enjoy its daytime amenities and nightly parties. Later, the principality of Monaco employed Maxwell's services to put it on the map as a tourist destination as she had done for the Lido. Maxwell and Porter were lifelong friends, and he mentioned her in several of his songs, including "I'm Dining with Elsa (and her ninety-nine most intimate friends)" and "I'm Throwing a Ball Tonight" from "Panama Hattie" (sung by Ethel Merman.) Returning to the US, Maxwell worked on movie shorts during the Depression, unsuccessfully. "Her imprimatur of social acceptability carried so much weight that the Waldorf Astoria gave her a suite rent-free when it opened in New York in 1931 at the height of the depression, hoping to attract rich clients because of her."〔 Following World War II she gained an audience of millions as a newspaper gossip columnist.〔 Beginning in 1942 she also hosted a radio program, ''Elsa Maxwell’s Party Line'', for which Esther Bradford Aresty was a writer and producer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/ead/upenn_rbml_PUSpMsColl1004 )〕 Maxwell was responsible for the success of ventriloquist Edgar Bergen. Bergen had been playing small theaters for 17 years; when he decided to ask for Maxwell's help, He was persistent enough in his telephone calls that Maxwell agreed to meet with him. When Bergen arrived, Maxwell asked him if he was a singer; Bergen replied that he was a ventriloquist and told her he wanted her to meet Charlie McCarthy. Charlie's meeting with Maxwell was an instant success; Maxwell asked crooner Rudy Vallée to find him a place on his radio program.〔 〕 Maxwell was a closeted lesbian who publicly condemned homosexuality despite enjoying an almost 50-year romantic partnership with the Scottish singer Dorothy "Dickie" Fellowes-Gordon. The two met in 1912, and remained together until death.〔The Spectator Magazine, December 2012〕 Maxwell took credit for introducing Rita Hayworth to Prince Aly Khan in the summer of 1948.〔Adrienne McLean ''Being Rita Hayworth'', p. 91, Rutgers University Press, 2004 ISBN 978-0-8135-3389-6〕 In 1953, Maxwell published a single issue of her magazine, ''Elsa Maxwell's Café Society'', which had a portrait of Zsa Zsa Gabor on the cover. Anne Edwards' biography of Maria Callas (''Callas'', 2001) and Peter Evans biography of Aristotle Onassis both claim that Maxwell introduced Callas to Onassis.〔Peter Evans ''Nemesis'', p. 44, Harper Collins, 2004 ISBN 978-0-06-058053-7〕 Edwards also claims that Maxwell fell obsessively in love with Callas, 40 years Maxwell's junior.〔Edwards, p. 159〕 Callas biographer Stelios Galatopoulos produced love letters from Maxwell written to Callas, who was less than receptive.〔Stelios Galatopoulos ''Maria Callas'', Simon & Schuster, 1998 ISBN 978-0-684-85985-9〕 Maxwell told interviewer Mike Wallace in 1957: She died of heart failure in a Manhattan hospital.〔 Maxwell's last public appearance came a week before her death. She attended the annual April in Paris Ball which she had helped found, in a wheelchair.〔 〕 Fellowes-Gordon was Maxwell's sole heir.〔(''Time'' ), November 22, 1963. "Only 100 gathered to say a final goodbye to the woman who had given thousands of parties for thousands of people, and few of the glittering names she had called 'dear' and 'darling' were on hand. One mourner there who didn't get much society-gossip-column attention was Dorothy Fellowes-Gordon. And to this longtime friend, the international party giver left her entire estate. It amounted to less than $10,000."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elsa Maxwell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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